SEP5848 - Integrated Innovation and Technology Management (2019)

Know how to do (class discussion)

A complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=attitude&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=)

Know how to behave (class discussion)

Set of activities creating value for specific stakeholders. 

Baldam, R., Abepro, A., & Rozenfeld, H. (2014). Gerenciamento de Processos de Negócio-BPM: uma referência para implantação prática. Elsevier Brasil.

Business capabilities: knowledge + competences + resources accumulated over time (class discussion)

Capability implies an ability to do something and is constituted both by strategies and operational activities (Teece, 2014).

"The ability to add value or achieve objectives in an organization through a function, process, service, or other proficiency." PMI, 2017

The quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally. An aptitude that may be developed. (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=capability&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=0000)

Qualifications (theoretical knowledge) + Ability (class discussion)

The quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=competence&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=)

Know how to deliver --> Capability + Atitude (class discussion)

An abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=concept&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=)

A simple definition for organizational culture is “how things are done around here”. A more complete definition was proposed by Edgar H. Schein:

“organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well enough to be considered valid, and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” (SCHEIN, 1984, p.3).

Someone who pays for goods or services (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=concept&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=)

"Internal or external stakeholders who benefit from the development of a solution". PMI (2017)

"The dynamic capabilities framework recognizes that risk and uncertainty are qualitatively different. Agility is needed to manage the latter, but not necessarily the former. Moreover, the underpinnings of agility rely mainly on two interdependent elements of the dynamically capable firm: entrepreneurial management capable of combining and recombining technologies, and flexible structures that can be rapidly modified." 

Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: RISK, UNCERTAINTY, AND STRATEGY IN THE INNOVATION ECONOMY; Teece, D.; Peteraf, M.; Leih, S.

Dynamic capabilities are the ability to reconfigure, redirect, transform and appropriately shape and integrate existing core competencies with external resources and strategis and complementary assets to meet the challenges of a time-pressured, rapidly changing world of competition and imitation (Teece et al., 2000; Teece, 2014).

Enterprise capability is an organized collection of specific people, process, information, technology and other resources which together function to realize the routine activities to satisfy a need.

https://standardbusiness.info/standard-capabilities/enterprise-capability/

An idea or conclusion having general application.

The process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances.

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=generalization&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=

 Goods-dominat logic --> economic value is added through industrial processes, embedded in goods, distributed, and then realized in exchange in a transactional manner; that is, value-in-exchange.

Kowalkowski, C. (2010). What does a service-dominant logic really mean for manufacturing firms?. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and technology, 3(4), 285-292.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

your intention; what you intend to do

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=idea&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=0000

The implementation of invention. Often started as an idea. - class discussion 09/09/2019

a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

the creation of something in the mind

the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=innovation&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=00000

"An innovation is a new or improved product or process (or combination thereof) that differs significantly from the unit’s previous products or processes and that has been made available to potential users (product) or brought into use by the unit (process)". OSLO MANUAL (2018)

assets that are saleable though not material or physical

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=intangible+assets&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=000

Intellectual assets are the knowledge, experience, and skills that employees have, that an organization can use for its benefit.

https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/intellectual-assets

The term intellectual capital has many complex connotations and is often used as a synonym for intellectual property, intellectual assets and knowledge assets. As such, intellectual capital can be both the end result of a knowledge transformation process or the knowledge itself that is transformed into intellectual property or intellectual assets of the company.

http://www.fm-kp.si/zalozba/ISBN/961-6486-71-3/231-243.pdf

the creation of something in the mind

a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

the act of inventing

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=invention&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=

A learning organization is an organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

https://hbr.org/1993/07/building-a-learning-organization

The series of changes that a living thing goes through from the beginning of its life until death.

The length of time that something lasts or can be used.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/life-cycle

1. General: Concept that compares the cyclical nature of families, organizations, processes, products, and systems with the cradle to grave life stages (birth, growth, maturity, decay, and death) of living organisms.
2. Ecological impact: Stages in the life of a material or product from resource extraction through processing, manufacturing, use, and disposal or recycling.
3. Marketing: Pattern of demand for a good or service from introduction, growth, stagnation, and decline.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/life-cycle.html

The business life cycle is the progression of a business and its phases over time, and is most commonly divided into five stages: launch, growth, shake-out, maturity, and decline.

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/business-life-cycle/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=method&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=

a set of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/methodology

Model is a way of reality representation. 

Based on Gestão de Desenvolvimento de Produtos 

"A model is a useful representation of some subject. It is a [...] abstraction of a reality [...] expressed in terms os some formalism [...]" Vernadat (1996 p. 24)

Open Innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively (CHESBROUGH, H. Open Innovation: a New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation. In: Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm p.1)

Operational capability is a high-level routine (or collection of routines) that, together with its implementing input flows, confers upon an organization's management a set of decision options for producing significant outputs of a particular type (Winter, 2000)

An occasion or situation that makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing something.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/opportunity

A time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.

https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/opportunity

Exploitable set of circumstances with uncertain outcome, requiring commitment of resources and involving exposure to risk.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/opportunity.html

Ordinary capabilities involve the performance of administrative, operational, and governance-related functions that are (technically) necessary to accomplish tasks.

Teece, D. J. (2014). The foundations of enterprise performance: Dynamic and ordinary capabilities in an (economic) theory of firms. Academy of management perspectives, 28(4), 328-352.

Ordinary capabilities are like best practices. They typically start in one or two companies and spread to the entire industry.

https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00225?gko=32b8d

Practice is a pattern/a customary way of operation or behavior.

http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=practice&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&h=

Best practice -> a working method or set of working methods that is officially accepted as being the best to use in a particular business or industry, usually described formally and in detail

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/best-practice

A method or technique that has consistently shown results superior to those achieved with other means, and that is used as a benchmark. See also best in class and leading practice.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/best-practice.html

"The manner in which work is performed, which is less formal than a methodology, is not required, and is typically based on preferences or recommended conventions or approaches." PMI (2017)

Practices  are defined as routinized activities, concepts, routines, tools, or processes that provide structure for everyday doings and activities in organizations. (Kohtamäki et al. 2018, p.10)  

Process is an approach to achieving managerial objective through the transformation of inputs into outputs (Dilek)

Any product can be conceptualized as a combination of three elements: matter, energy, and information. Product is raw materials + design information that goes throught a processes of transforming energy.

https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/digitizing-products-for-sustainabilitys-sake/

something that is made to be sold, usually something that is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is grown or obtained through farming.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/product

According to Baines (2007), PSS is a market proposition that extends the traditional functionality of a product by incorporating additional services, where the focus is “sale of use” (the customer pays for using an asset, rather than its purchase). 

Tukker (2015) distinguishes three types of PSS: product-oriented PSS (products are sold to the user, but additional services are added, such as maintenance); use-oriented PSS (the business model is geared toward selling the product function, that is, through leasing or renting and the product remains the ownership of the PSS provider); and result-oriented PSS (the business model is geared toward selling a result and is as such closest to offering a pure service, where no predetermined product is involved).

BAINES, T. S. et al. State-of-the-art in product-service systems. Journal of engineering manufacture, 221(10), 1543-1552, 2007.

TUKKER, A. Product services for a resource-efficient and circular economy–a review. Journal of cleaner production, 97, 76-91, 2015.

Capacity, knowledge, or skill that matches or suits an occasion, or makes someone eligible for a duty, office, position, privilege, or status. Qualification denotes fitness for purpose through fulfillment of necessary conditions such as attainment of a certain age, taking of an oath, completion of required schooling or training, or acquisition of a degree or diploma. Qualification does not necessarily imply competence.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/qualification.html

an ability, characteristic, or experience that makes you suitable for a particular job or activity

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/dicionario/ingles/qualification

Routine describes a repetitive pattern of activity

"an activity (work) done for others with an economic value and often done on a commercial basis. In this project, we include work done by human beings as well as by automated systems" Goedkoop et al. 1999

Service-dominat logic --> goods are seen as distribution mechanisms for service provision. The value of goods is based on their value-in-use and determined by the customer. Value has not only an economic dimension, but also functional and psychological dimensions . All goods (including raw materials and partly-formed goods) are exchanged for their value-in-use, and until “used up”, goods act as service appliances in the hands of a customer. The role of the supplier then becomes that of a collaborative resource integrator and co-creator of value with the customer.

Kowalkowski, C. (2010). What does a service-dominant logic really mean for manufacturing firms?. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and technology, 3(4), 285-292.

Servitization is the term given to a transformation where manufacturers increasingly offer services that are tightly coupled to their products (Baines et al., 2007).

Stakeholders are groups or individuals that can affected or can be affected by the organization activities (Freeman, 1984).

FREEMAN, R. Edward. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman, Boston, MA. 1984.

Stakeholders can be any group or individuals that create and capture economic and non-economic value in the interaction with organizations (Garcia-Castro; Aguilera, 2015).

GARCIA‐CASTRO, Roberto; AGUILERA, Ruth V. Incremental value creation and appropriation in a world with multiple stakeholders. Strategic Management Journal, v. 36, n. 1, p. 137-147, 2015.

Assets + Knowledge (class discussion)

x

"Uncertainty is different than risk. Risk is about futures to which probabilities can be reasonably assigned. Uncertainty is about futures for which a probability distribution cannot be determined. Companies deal with risk every day and know how to manage with it. Often, though, companies become paralyzed in the face of uncertainty and they often mistake uncertainty for risk. Uncertainty is inherent in the complex ecosystems companies operate in. It comes from the constant evolution of customer demand, from new technological possibilities and designs, from competitive surprises and from political, economic and social shifts. Managing this uncertainty, and turning it into risk which the company can readily deal with, is critical to a company’s future."

INNOVATION STRATEGY – DEFINING HOW YOU MANAGE UNCERTAINTY, June 2015 available at: https://www.theinovogroup.com/author/larry/

Value is the set of benefits resulting from an exchange that are delivered to the stakeholders (Rana; Short; Evans, 2012)

RANA, P., SHORT, S. & EVANS, D - State-of-practice in business modelling and value-networks, emphasising potential future models that could deliver sustainable value. 2012. Disponivel em: http://www.sustainvalue.eu/publications.htm.

"Value constellation designs are based on the deployment of appropriate capabilities. These capabilities are put together by a supplier in ways that result in the customer-specific, customer-appropriate value-creating offering which enables these very customers to create value" Ramirez and Wallin (2000)

Value Propositions: The collection of products and services a business offers to meet the needs of its customers. 

Osterwalder & Pigneur 2010

The understanding or representation of a final state of a project. - class discussion 09/09/2019