BIZ5765 - Comparative Embryology of Marine Invertebrates (2026)

OBJECTIVES:

• Familiarization with the basic principles of comparative embryology and larval biology.
• Observation, interpretation and visual representation of the development and life cycle of
representatives of various animal phyla.
• Recognition and identification of embryos and larval forms, their morphology and
behavior.
• Critically discuss scientific articles from the primary literature.
• Contribute to a marine diversity database in the São Sebastião region.

Course instructors will give lectures on reproduction, life cycles and general biology of the
different phyla of Metazoa in an evolutionary context, with an emphasis on embryonic and
larval development. Field trips will be carried out, during periods of low tide or by diving
(optional), to collect specimens that will be used in general practical classes and for specific
studies (monitoring the development of one or more species) to be conducted by each
student. Larvae will be collected from the plankton and/or in vitro fertilization of different
species will be performed to obtain embryos and larvae, which will be kept in culture by the
students. The development of animals in culture will be recorded through drawings, photos
and videos that will be presented at the end of the course. Practical classes will also include
working techniques for cellular, physiological, functional morphology, and ecological studies
of embryos and larvae. Primary literature articles will be discussed in the course. At the end of
the course, students must present the results and conclusions regarding their personal
observations about the chosen species(s).