Section outline


  • Digital Transferrence is a tendency that emerged in this century, aggregating process digitization to a service-dominant approach. Some authors claim that this tendency further developed the servitization concept, preconizing the addition of service to generate more value in goods \cite{Vandermerwe1988}. This start introduced services as addicional value to products as a separate feature, frequently developed after manufacturing, and evolved to a digitalization approach, following the maturity model presented by ACATEC \cite{Schuh2020}. Such a process reaches its top level (apex) by migrating automation processes to the cloud, composing the cloud manufacturing approach. Therefore, it is crucial to understand this process and its risks before going to an actual migration toward I4.0 and to manufacturing\_as\_a\_Service.


    In this lecture, we will review the current achievements in cloud manufacturing and the tendencies for the near future, especially the proposition to treat services in the process: cloud manufacturing services (CMfgS).



    • Slides of Module2-Lecture File
    • Video of Lecture 2 URL
    • Fei Tao article about Cloud Manufacturing File
    • Article about the migration to I5.0 File

    • Sub-lecture 2


      In our sub-lecture we will explore a little deeper the foundations and concepts of cloud manufacturing and specially from cloud manufacturing services (CMfgS) and give some short examples on how to manage and make projects to (even if simple) to organize virtual manufacturing systems and also the edge computing level. 


    • Slides of Sub-lecture 2 File
    • A reference work on CMfg File
    • Video of Sub-Lecture 2 URL
    • NIST Standard for Cloud Manufacturing File

    • Practical Presentation 2


      The second practical presentation concerns cloud manufacturing and Cloud Manufacturing Services (CMfgS). As before, we will revise the concepts shown in Lecture 2 and complemented in Sub-Lecture 2, but with a more practical concern: looking at the implementation issues. Therefore, we will justify using the cloud as the alternative to obtain flexibility and interoperability, stressing the matching between those concepts. Beyond the implementation concerns, this matching will also inspire the look for a design strategy to go from I3.0 toward I4.0 and I5.0. 

      This lecture also contains a brief discussion about the subject of Module 2. In the first module, we used a quiz. Now, we will try a different approach: each one should think about doubts and questions and will have the opportunity to present them at the end of the class, generating a general discussion. It will be more than just a question-and-answer. We expect everyone's participation.

    • Position paper 2 Assignment

      Submit a position paper of at most two pages declaring your position feelings and doubts about what we have seen in the course so far. The submission must be in PDF.

    • Slides for practical presentation - 2 File
    • Digital Twins: the state of the art File

      Tao, F., Zhang, H, Liu, A., and Nee, A.Y.C.; Digital Twins in Industry: the state-of-the-art, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, 15,4,2019.

    • Digital Twin: white paper File

      Grieves, M., Digital Twins: Manufacturing excellence through Virtual Factory Replication, white paper.

    • Video of Practical presentation 2 URL