#+TITLE: Spacemacs-purpose layer

#+TAGS: layer|misc|spacemacs

* Table of Contents                     :TOC_5_gh:noexport:
- [[#description][Description]]
  - [[#features][Features:]]
- [[#purposes][Purposes]]
  - [[#switch-to-buffer-and-display-buffer][switch-to-buffer and display-buffer]]
  - [[#misc][misc]]
- [[#install][Install]]
- [[#usage][Usage]]
  - [[#allocate-purposes-in-layers][Allocate purposes in layers]]
  - [[#overwrite-purposes-in-dotfile][Overwrite purposes in dotfile]]
- [[#key-bindings][Key bindings]]
- [[#caveats][Caveats]]
  - [[#popwin-and-guide-key][Popwin and guide-key]]
  - [[#packages-that-do-display-management][Packages that do display management]]

* Description
This layer enables [[https://github.com/bmag/emacs-purpose][window-purpose]], which provides an alternative, purpose-based
window manager for Emacs. With this layer, your window layout should be robust
and shouldn't change too much when opening all sorts of buffers.

Regular [[https://github.com/m2ym/popwin-el][popwin]] is not triggered when window-purpose is enabled. However,
the window-purpose layer provides a =purpose-popwin= extension, which
brings popwin's behavior to window-purpose and solves that problem.

** Features:
- Window layout is more robust and less likely to change unintentionally
- Dedicate window to a purpose
- User-defined purposes
- Extensible window display behavior
- Empty =purpose-mode-map=, to avoid conflicts with other key maps
- Replicate popwin behavior for purpose-mode - almost no regression in popup behavior from using window-purpose.
- Reuses popwin's settings: =popwin:special-display-config=, =popwin:popup-window-height= and =popwin:popup-window-width=.
- Difference from popwin: when several windows are open, popup window is sometimes bigger than with regular popwin in the same situation.

* Purposes
window-purpose contains a configuration which assigns a purpose for each
buffer. Later, when Emacs needs to display a buffer in a window, its purpose
helps make a better decision of which window to use.

For example, consider the following case: Emacs frame shows three windows - one
for code, one for a terminal and one general-purpose window. The general window
is selected and you want to open a code file. How do you ensure that the code
file will be displayed in the code window? With window-purpose you don't
need to worry about it - you open the file and window-purpose places it in
the correct window.

Additionally, you can dedicate a window to a purpose - so that window is
reserved only for buffers that share that purpose.

** switch-to-buffer and display-buffer
In regular Emacs, =switch-to-buffer= follows different rules than the other
switching and popping commands, because it doesn't use =display-buffer= (which
the other commands do). With window-purpose, this behavior is fixed. The
result is a better control over how buffers are displayed, since
=switch-to-buffer= doesn't ignore the user's customizations anymore.

** misc
- specialized helm source similar to =helm-source-buffers-list=

* Install
To use this configuration layer, add it to your =~/.spacemacs=. You will need to
add =spacemacs-purpose= to the existing =dotspacemacs-configuration-layers= list in
this file.

* Usage
With window-purpose layer installed, =purpose-mode= and =pupo-mode= are enabled.
You can toggle =purpose-mode= (~SPC : purpose-mode~) at any time to return to
purpose-less behavior. You can toggle =pupo-mode= (~SPC : pupo-mode~) to turn
off only the purpose-popwin integration.

If you change =popwin:special-display-config= in your =dotspacemacs/config=, you
should call =pupo/update-purpose-config= to update purpose-popwin with those
changes.

See [[https://github.com/bmag/emacs-purpose/wiki][window-purpose wiki]] to learn more about window-purpose.

** Allocate purposes in layers
Layers can allocated buffers, which have been created by their
packages, to certain purposes. This can either be done
by a simple mode mapping or according to the buffer's name.
This follows the same idea as the autocomplete and
syntax-checking layers.

This means the configuration is not centralised in this layer but
spread among the individual language layers. To ensure
that users can still overwrite these configs it is important
to declare them uniformly in Spacemacs.

To do so copy and adjust the following code:

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  ;; This will only be called if `window-purpose` is listed
  ;; among the layer packages.
  ;; This code also takes care that the right loading
  ;; order is followed so there is no need for any
  ;; `with-eval-after-load` constructs.
  (defun shell/post-init-window-purpose ()
    (purpose-set-extension-configuration
     :shell-layer
     (purpose-conf :mode-purposes '((vterm-mode . terminal)
                                    (eshell-mode . terminal)
                                    (shell-mode . terminal)
                                    (term-mode . terminal)))))
     ;; This can also be a static name allocation
     ;;            :name-purposes '(("*Anaconda Help*" . Help))
     ;; or a dynamic one following a regexp
     ;;            :regexp-purposes '(("^\\*Anaconda" . general))

#+END_SRC

** Overwrite purposes in dotfile
With layers defining all kinds of purposes there will surely
come the point where one wishes to change one or two of
these allocations to match ones own personal needs.

This can easily be achieved by adding below code in
`dotspacemacs/user-config`:

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  ;; This will add user allocations with a higher
  ;; priority than the ones from the layers.
  ;; With this allocations can be completely
  ;; customised.
  (purpose-add-user-purposes :names '(("*Anaconda Help*" . general))
                             :regexps '(("\\.hy$" . python)))
#+END_SRC

* Key bindings

| Key binding | Description                                                                         |
|-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ~SPC r b~   | Open a buffer. Only buffers with the same purpose as the current buffer are listed. |
| ~SPC r B~   | Open any buffer and ignore window-purpose when displaying the buffer.               |
| ~SPC r d~   | Toggle dedication of selected window to its current purpose.                        |
| ~SPC r D~   | Delete all non-dedicated windows.                                                   |
| ~SPC r p~   | Choose a purpose and open a buffer with that purpose.                               |
| ~SPC r P~   | Change the purpose of the selected window. Changes the window's buffer accordingly. |

* Caveats
** Popwin and guide-key
If a buffer is displayed in two different windows, and only one of those windows
is purpose-dedicated, then invoking guide-key will cause both windows to become
purpose-dedicated.

** Packages that do display management
Some packages that manage how windows are displayed, such as =gdb= with
=gdb-many-windows=, might not play nicely with =window-purpose=. However, it is
usually possible to find a solution. After all, even =helm= and =popwin= work
with =window-purpose=.
