Nineth-Order Butterworth Filter Function * * First-Order Butterworth Filter Function Format * * w0 * TF(s) = ------------- * aN * s + w0 * * Second-Order Butterworth Filter Function Format * * w0^2 * TF(s) = ------------------- * s^2 + aN * s + w0^2 * .param w0 = 67730 $ pole angular frequency .param a1 = 1 $ s-multiplier a constant 1 .param a2 = 1.8794 $ s-multiplier a constant 2 .param a3 = 1.5321 $ s-multiplier a constant 3 .param a4 = 1 $ s-multiplier a constant 4 .param a5 = 0.3472 $ s-multiplier a constant 5 ** Circuit Description ** * input signal Vin 1 0 AC 1V * a cascade of biquads forming a 9th-order Butterworth Filter Function * first biquad R1 1 0 100Meg * E1 2 0 Laplace {V(1)} = { (6.773e+4)/(s+6.773e+4) } AE1 1 2 filter1 .model filter1 s_xfer(gain=1 + num_coeff=[w0] + den_coeff=[a1 w0] + int_ic=[0 0]) * 2nd biquad R2 2 0 100Meg * E2 3 0 Laplace {V(2)} = { (6.773e+4*6.773e+4)/(s*s+1.8794*6.773e4*s+6.773e4*6.773e4) } AE2 2 3 filter2 .model filter2 s_xfer(gain=1 + num_coeff=[w0^2] + den_coeff=[1 {a2 * w0} w0^2] + int_ic=[0 0] * 3rd biquad R3 3 0 100Meg * E3 4 0 Laplace {V(3)} = { (6.773e+4*6.773e+4)/(s*s+1.5321*6.773e4*s+6.773e4*6.773e4) } AE3 3 4 filter3 .model filter3 s_xfer(gain=1 + num_coeff=[w0^2] + den_coeff=[1 {a3 * w0} w0^2] + int_ic=[0 0] * 4th biquad R4 4 0 100Meg * E4 5 0 Laplace {V(4)} = { (6.773e+4*6.773e+4)/(s*s+1.0*6.773e4*s+6.773e4*6.773e4) } AE4 4 5 filter4 .model filter4 s_xfer(gain=1 + num_coeff=[w0^2] + den_coeff=[1 {a4 * w0} w0^2] + int_ic=[0 0] * 5th biquad R5 5 0 100Meg * E5 6 0 Laplace {V(5)} = { (6.773e+4*6.773e+4)/(s*s+0.3472*6.773e4*s+6.773e4*6.773e4) } AE5 5 6 filter5 .model filter5 s_xfer(gain=1 + num_coeff=[w0^2] + den_coeff=[1 {a5 * w0} w0^2] + int_ic=[0 0] * output Rout 6 0 1k ** Analysis Requests ** .AC LIN 100 1Hz 20kHz ** Output Requests ** .PLOT AC VdB(6) cph(v(6)) .probe .end